#======= Decoration ========
def log(f):
    def g(*args):
        r = f(*args)
        print(">> %s %s -> %s" % (str(f).split(" ")[1], str(list(args)), str(r)))
        return r
    return g

#========= Composition =========
def fix1(f, v):
    def g(*args):
        r = f(*([v]+list(args)))
        return r
    return g

def curry(func, numArgs):
    if numArgs == 1: return func
    def f1(v):
        return curry(fix1(func, v), numArgs-1)
    return f1

def comp(g,f):
    def r(*args, **kwargs):
        return g(f(*args, **kwargs))
    return r

#======== Operations ===========
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def multi(a, b):
    return a * b




def Monade():
    #Monade, (M a -> (a -> M b) -> M a)
    def returm(x):
        return [x]
    def bind(m, f):
        return returm(list(map(f,m)))
    return returm, bind